· Underlying/adhesive layer adhesion and deepening: Enhance the adhesion between the surface layer and the base fabric, deepen the color, and make the color more saturated. Adhesive polyurethane resin is used, often containing color paste. Usually, roll coating is adopted, requiring strong bonding force.· Surface layer/top layer forms the cortex and texture: Form an epidermis with the required color, gloss, hand - feel, and physical properties. This is the “face” of synthetic leather. Use a substrate with good film - forming properties, and cooperate with color paste and additives. A flat film surface is obtained by direct roll coating or reverse coating (reverse roll) on release paper, which is the most widely used process.
· Printing/color matching to imitate real leather texture: Print the pores and textures of real leather such as cows, sheep, and crocodiles on the colored surface. Printing paste (color paste) is used. It is achieved through gravure printing (steel roller or silicone roller), with high precision requirements.
· Top layer/protective layer for color fixation and additional functions: Fix the printed pattern, provide hand - feel, scratch resistance, hydrolysis resistance and other properties. Transparent PU or acrylic resin is used, and hand - feel agents, cross - linkers, etc. are added. Roll coating or spraying is mostly adopted.
· Post - treatment (optional) to enhance the sense of quality: Enhance the sense of reality through mechanical treatment. Such as polishing, wrinkling, softening by tumbling, etc., to make the leather surface produce natural gloss changes and soft touch.